diff --git a/fcore/app-type.sml b/fcore/app-type.sml
index 3baa991..d50c444 100644
--- a/fcore/app-type.sml
+++ b/fcore/app-type.sml
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 structure AppType =
 struct
   type app_type =
-    {buffer: LineGap.t, windowWidth: int, windowHeight: int}
+    {buffer: LineGap.t, windowWidth: int, windowHeight: int, startLine: int}
 
-  fun init (buffer, windowWidth, windowHeight): app_type =
-    {buffer = buffer, windowWidth = windowWidth, windowHeight = windowHeight}
+  fun init (buffer, windowWidth, windowHeight) : app_type =
+    { buffer = buffer
+    , windowWidth = windowWidth
+    , windowHeight = windowHeight
+    , startLine = 0
+    }
 end
diff --git a/fcore/app-update.sml b/fcore/app-update.sml
index cb5cf55..c8f42ae 100644
--- a/fcore/app-update.sml
+++ b/fcore/app-update.sml
@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ struct
 
   fun resizeText (app: app_type, newWidth, newHeight) =
     let
-      val {buffer, windowWidth, windowHeight} = app
-      val (textVec, newBuffer) =
-        TextBuilder.build (0, buffer, newWidth, newHeight)
+      val {buffer, windowWidth, windowHeight, startLine} = app
 
-      val newApp =
-        {buffer = newBuffer, windowWidth = newWidth, windowHeight = newHeight}
+      val newBuffer = LineGap.goToLine (startLine, buffer)
+      val textVec =
+        TextBuilder.build (startLine, newBuffer, newWidth, newHeight)
+
+      val newApp = AppWith.bufferAndSize (app, newBuffer, newWidth, newHeight)
       val msg = REDRAW_TEXT textVec
     in
       (newApp, [DRAW msg])
diff --git a/fcore/app-with.sml b/fcore/app-with.sml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbd4051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fcore/app-with.sml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+structure AppWith =
+struct
+  open AppType
+
+  fun bufferAndSize (app: app_type, newBuffer, newWidth, newHeight) =
+    let
+      val {buffer = _, windowWidth = _, windowHeight = _, startLine} = app
+    in
+      { buffer = newBuffer
+      , windowWidth = newWidth
+      , windowHeight = newHeight
+      , startLine = startLine
+      }
+    end
+end
diff --git a/fcore/text-builder.sml b/fcore/text-builder.sml
index 712fc3e..f205972 100644
--- a/fcore/text-builder.sml
+++ b/fcore/text-builder.sml
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 signature TEXT_BUILDER =
 sig
+  (* Prerequisite: LineGap is moved to requested line first. *)
   val build: int * LineGap.t * int * int
-             -> Real32.real vector * LineGap.t
+             -> Real32.real vector
 end
 
 structure TextBuilder :> TEXT_BUILDER =
 struct
-  val xSpace = 12
+  val xSpace = 13
   val xSpace3 = xSpace * 3
-  val ySpace = 23
+  val ySpace = 25
+  val fontSize = 30.0
 
   (* builds text from a string with char-wrap.
    * char-wrap is a similar concept to word-wrap, 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ struct
               (* if there is horizontal space, place char on the right *)
               let
                 val chrVec = chrFun
-                  (posX, posY, 25.0, 25.0, fWindowWidth, fWindowHeight, r, g, b)
+                  (posX, posY, fontSize, fontSize, fWindowWidth, fWindowHeight, r, g, b)
                 val acc = chrVec :: acc
               in
                 buildTextString
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ struct
               (* if there is vertical space, place char down below at startX *)
               let
                 val chrVec = chrFun
-                  ( startX, posY + 25, 25.0, 25.0
+                  ( startX, posY + ySpace, fontSize, fontSize
                   , fWindowWidth, fWindowHeight
                   , r, g, b
                   )
@@ -147,15 +149,23 @@ struct
           (rStrHd :: rStrTl, rLnHd :: _) =>
             let
               (* get index of line to start building from *)
-              val lnPos = startLine - curLine
-              val startIdx = Vector.sub (rLnHd, lnPos)
               val startIdx =
-                if
-                  String.sub (rStrHd, startIdx) = #"\r"
-                  andalso startIdx < String.size rStrHd - 1
-                  andalso String.sub (rStrHd, startIdx + 1) = #"\n"
-                then (* handle \r\n pair *) startIdx + 2
-                else startIdx + 1
+                if startLine > curLine then
+                  let
+                    val lnPos = startLine - curLine - 1
+                    val startIdx = Vector.sub (rLnHd, lnPos)
+                  in
+                    if
+                      String.sub (rStrHd, startIdx) = #"\r"
+                      andalso startIdx < String.size rStrHd - 1
+                      andalso String.sub (rStrHd, startIdx + 1) = #"\n"
+                    then 
+                      (* handle \r\n pair *) 
+                      startIdx + 2
+                    else startIdx + 1
+                  end
+                else
+                  0
             in
               buildTextString
                 ( startIdx, rStrHd, []
@@ -172,6 +182,6 @@ struct
              * else we can do. *)
             []
     in
-      (Vector.concat acc, lineGap)
+      Vector.concat acc
     end
 end
diff --git a/shf b/shf
index fa65b5c..f335bb8 100755
Binary files a/shf and b/shf differ
diff --git a/shf.mlb b/shf.mlb
index 824ef3b..0f47832 100644
--- a/shf.mlb
+++ b/shf.mlb
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ message-types/draw-msg.sml
 message-types/mailbox-type.sml
 
 fcore/app-type.sml
+fcore/app-with.sml
 fcore/text-builder.sml
 fcore/app-update.sml