diff --git a/dotscape b/dotscape
index 01010f6..6d0edae 100755
Binary files a/dotscape and b/dotscape differ
diff --git a/functional-core/app/app-update.sml b/functional-core/app/app-update.sml
index d70f12f..381e5d8 100644
--- a/functional-core/app/app-update.sml
+++ b/functional-core/app/app-update.sml
@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ struct
 
   fun getDotVecFromIndices (model, hIdx, vIdx) =
     let
+      val {windowWidth, windowHeight, ...} = model
       val xpos = Vector.sub (#xClickPoints model, hIdx)
       val ypos = Vector.sub (#yClickPoints model, vIdx)
     in
-      ClickPoints.getDrawDot (xpos, ypos, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, model)
+      ClickPoints.getDrawDotRgb
+        (xpos, ypos, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, windowWidth, windowHeight)
     end
 
   fun mouseMoveOrRelease (model: app_type) =
@@ -133,7 +135,8 @@ struct
 
       val xpos = Vector.sub (xClickPoints, hIdx)
       val ypos = Vector.sub (yClickPoints, vIdx)
-      val dotVec = ClickPoints.getDrawDot (xpos, ypos, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, model)
+      val dotVec = ClickPoints.getDrawDotRgb
+        (xpos, ypos, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, windowWidth, windowHeight)
 
       val halfWidth = Real32.fromInt (windowWidth div 2)
       val halfHeight = Real32.fromInt (windowHeight div 2)
diff --git a/functional-core/app/click-points.sml b/functional-core/app/click-points.sml
index 66428c9..9f53944 100644
--- a/functional-core/app/click-points.sml
+++ b/functional-core/app/click-points.sml
@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@ signature CLICK_POINTS =
 sig
   val generate: int * int * int -> Real32.real vector
   val getClickPositionFromMouse: AppType.app_type -> (int * int) option
-  val getDrawDot:
+
+  val getDrawDot: Real32.real * Real32.real * int * int -> Real32.real vector
+
+  val getDrawDotRgb:
     Real32.real
     * Real32.real
     * Real32.real
     * Real32.real
     * Real32.real
-    * AppType.app_type
+    * int
+    * int
     -> Real32.real vector
 
   (* two below functions convert pixel coordinates to normalised device coordinates *)
@@ -57,10 +61,8 @@ struct
          | NONE => NONE)
     | NONE => NONE
 
-  fun getDrawDot (xpos, ypos, r, g, b, app: AppType.app_type) =
+  fun getDrawDot (xpos, ypos, windowWidth, windowHeight) =
     let
-      val {windowWidth, windowHeight, ...} = app
-
       (* calculate normalised device coordinates *)
       val halfWidth = Real32.fromInt (windowWidth div 2)
       val halfHeight = Real32.fromInt (windowHeight div 2)
@@ -73,14 +75,29 @@ struct
       val bottom = (vpos - 5.0) / halfHeight
       val top = (vpos + 5.0) / halfHeight
     in
-      Ndc.ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom, r, g, b)
+      Ndc.ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom)
+    end
+
+  fun getDrawDotRgb (xpos, ypos, r, g, b, windowWidth, windowHeight) =
+    let
+      (* calculate normalised device coordinates *)
+      val halfWidth = Real32.fromInt (windowWidth div 2)
+      val halfHeight = Real32.fromInt (windowHeight div 2)
+      val hpos = xpos - halfWidth
+      val vpos = ~(ypos - halfHeight)
+
+      (* coordinates to form small box around clicked area *)
+      val left = (hpos - 5.0) / halfWidth
+      val right = (hpos + 5.0) / halfWidth
+      val bottom = (vpos - 5.0) / halfHeight
+      val top = (vpos + 5.0) / halfHeight
+    in
+      Ndc.ltrbToVertexRgb (left, top, right, bottom, r, g, b)
     end
 
   fun xposToNdc (xpos, windowWidth, windowHeight, halfWidth) =
-
     let
       val xpos = xpos - halfWidth
-
     in
       if windowWidth > windowHeight then
         let
@@ -91,7 +108,6 @@ struct
         end
       else
         xpos / halfWidth
-
     end
 
   fun yposToNdc (ypos, windowWidth, windowHeight, halfHeight) =
diff --git a/functional-core/app/graph-lines.sml b/functional-core/app/graph-lines.sml
index 7c085df..563820b 100644
--- a/functional-core/app/graph-lines.sml
+++ b/functional-core/app/graph-lines.sml
@@ -5,185 +5,17 @@ end
 
 structure GraphLines :> GRAPH_LINES =
 struct
-  (* 
-   * This function only produces the desired result 
-   * when the window is a square and has the aspect ratio 1:1.
-   * This is because the function assumes it can use 
-   * the same position coordinates both horizontally and vertically.
-   *)
-  fun helpGenGraphLinesSquare (pos: Real32.real, limit, acc) =
-    if pos >= limit then
-      Vector.concat acc
-    else
-      let
-        val pos2 = pos + 0.05
-        val vec = 
-          #[ (* x = _.1 *) 
-             pos - 0.002, ~1.0
-           , pos + 0.002, ~1.0
-           , pos + 0.002, 1.0
-
-           , pos + 0.002, 1.0
-           , pos - 0.002, 1.0
-           , pos - 0.002, ~1.0
-
-             (* y = _.1 *)
-           , ~1.0, pos - 0.002
-           , ~1.0, pos + 0.002
-           , 1.0, pos + 0.002
-
-           , 1.0, pos + 0.002
-           , 1.0, pos - 0.002
-           , ~1.0, pos - 0.002 
-
-              (* x = _.05 *)
-           , pos2 - 0.001, ~1.0
-           , pos2 + 0.001, ~1.0
-           , pos2 + 0.001, 1.0
-
-           , pos2 + 0.001, 1.0
-           , pos2 - 0.001, 1.0
-           , pos2 - 0.001, ~1.0
-
-             (* y = _.05 *)
-           , ~1.0, pos2 - 0.001
-           , ~1.0, pos2 + 0.001
-           , 1.0, pos2 + 0.001
-
-           , 1.0, pos2 + 0.001
-           , 1.0, pos2 - 0.001
-           , ~1.0, pos2 - 0.001
-           ]
-        val acc = vec :: acc
-        val nextPos = pos + 0.1
-      in
-        helpGenGraphLinesSquare (nextPos, limit, acc)
-      end
-
-  fun helpGenGraphLinesHorizontal
-    (pos, xClickPoints, acc, halfWidth, yMin, yMax) =
-    if pos = Vector.length xClickPoints then
-      acc
-    else
-      let
-        val curX = Vector.sub (xClickPoints, pos)
-        val ndc = (curX - halfWidth) / halfWidth
-        val vec =
-          if (pos + 1) mod 2 = 0 then 
-            (* if even (thin lines) *) 
-           #[
-              ndc - 0.001, yMin
-            , ndc + 0.001, yMin
-            , ndc + 0.001, yMax
-
-            , ndc + 0.001, yMax
-            , ndc - 0.001, yMax
-            , ndc - 0.001, yMin
-            ]
-          else 
-            (* if odd (thick lines) *) 
-            #[
-               ndc - 0.002, yMin
-             , ndc + 0.002, yMin
-             , ndc + 0.002, yMax
-
-             , ndc + 0.002, yMax
-             , ndc - 0.002, yMax
-             , ndc - 0.002, yMin
-             ]
-        val acc = vec :: acc
-      in
-        helpGenGraphLinesHorizontal
-          (pos + 1, xClickPoints, acc, halfWidth, yMin, yMax)
-      end
-
-  fun helpGenGraphLinesVertical (pos, yClickPoints, acc, halfHeight, xMin, xMax) =
-    if pos = Vector.length yClickPoints then
-      acc
-    else
-      let
-        val curY = Vector.sub (yClickPoints, pos)
-        val ndc = (curY - halfHeight) / halfHeight
-        val vec =
-          if (pos + 1) mod 2 = 0 then 
-            (* if even (thin lines) *) 
-            #[
-               xMin, ndc - 0.001
-             , xMin, ndc + 0.001
-             , xMax, ndc + 0.001
-
-             , xMax, ndc + 0.001
-             , xMax, ndc - 0.001
-             , xMin, ndc - 0.001 
-             ]
-          else 
-            (* if odd (thick lines) *) 
-            #[
-               xMin, ndc - 0.002
-             , xMin, ndc + 0.002
-             , xMax, ndc + 0.002
-
-             , xMax, ndc + 0.002
-             , xMax, ndc - 0.002
-             , xMin, ndc - 0.002 
-             ]
-        val acc = vec :: acc
-      in
-        helpGenGraphLinesVertical
-          (pos + 1, yClickPoints, acc, halfHeight, xMin, xMax)
-      end
-
-  fun helpGenerate (windowWidth, windowHeight, xClickPoints, yClickPoints) =
-    if windowWidth = windowHeight then
-      helpGenGraphLinesSquare (~1.0, 1.0, [])
-    else if windowWidth > windowHeight then
-      let
-        val difference = windowWidth - windowHeight
-        val offset = difference div 2
-
-        val halfWidth = Real32.fromInt (windowWidth div 2)
-        val halfHeight = Real32.fromInt (windowHeight div 2)
-
-        val start = offset - (windowWidth div 2)
-        val start = Real32.fromInt start / halfWidth
-
-        val finish = (windowWidth - offset) - (windowWidth div 2)
-        val finish = Real32.fromInt finish / halfWidth
-
-        val lines = helpGenGraphLinesHorizontal
-          (0, xClickPoints, [], halfWidth, ~1.0, 1.0)
-        val lines = helpGenGraphLinesVertical
-          (0, yClickPoints, lines, halfHeight, start, finish)
-      in
-        Vector.concat lines
-      end
-    else
-      (* windowWidth < windowHeight *)
-      let
-        val difference = windowHeight - windowWidth
-        val offset = difference div 2
-
-        val halfWidth = Real32.fromInt (windowWidth div 2)
-        val halfHeight = Real32.fromInt (windowHeight div 2)
-
-        val start = offset - (windowHeight div 2)
-        val start = Real32.fromInt start / halfHeight
-
-        val finish = (windowHeight - offset) - (windowHeight div 2)
-        val finish = Real32.fromInt finish / halfHeight
-
-        val lines = helpGenGraphLinesHorizontal
-          (0, xClickPoints, [], halfWidth, start, finish)
-        val lines = helpGenGraphLinesVertical
-          (0, yClickPoints, lines, halfHeight, ~1.0, 1.0)
-      in
-        Vector.concat lines
-      end
-
-  fun generate (app: AppType.app_type) = 
+  fun generate (app: AppType.app_type) =
     let
       val {windowWidth, windowHeight, xClickPoints, yClickPoints, ...} = app
     in
-      helpGenerate (windowWidth, windowHeight, xClickPoints, yClickPoints)
+      Vector.concat (List.tabulate (Vector.length xClickPoints, fn xIdx =>
+        let
+          val xpos = Vector.sub (xClickPoints, xIdx)
+        in
+          Vector.concat (List.tabulate (Vector.length yClickPoints, fn yIdx =>
+            ClickPoints.getDrawDot
+              (xpos, Vector.sub (yClickPoints, yIdx), windowWidth, windowHeight)))
+        end))
     end
 end
diff --git a/functional-core/app/ndc.sml b/functional-core/app/ndc.sml
index 16eecef..fad4838 100644
--- a/functional-core/app/ndc.sml
+++ b/functional-core/app/ndc.sml
@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 structure Ndc = 
 struct
   (* ndc = normalised device coordinates *)
+  fun ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom) =
+    #[ left, bottom
+     , right, bottom
+     , left, top
 
-  fun ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom, r, g, b) =
+     , left, top
+     , right, bottom
+     , right, top
+     ]
+
+  fun ltrbToVertexRgb (left, top, right, bottom, r, g, b) =
     #[ left, bottom, r, g, b
      , right, bottom, r, g, b
      , left, top, r, g, b
diff --git a/functional-core/app/triangle-stage.sml b/functional-core/app/triangle-stage.sml
index cb64b3b..9b422be 100644
--- a/functional-core/app/triangle-stage.sml
+++ b/functional-core/app/triangle-stage.sml
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ struct
       val top = (y1px + 5.0) / halfHeight
       val bottom = (y1px - 5.0) / halfHeight
 
-      val firstVec = Ndc.ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+      val firstVec = Ndc.ltrbToVertexRgb
+        (left, top, right, bottom, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
     in
       Vector.concat [firstVec, drawVec]
     end
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@ struct
       val top = (y1px + 5.0) / halfHeight
       val bottom = (y1px - 5.0) / halfHeight
 
-      val firstVec = Ndc.ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+      val firstVec = Ndc.ltrbToVertexRgb
+        (left, top, right, bottom, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
 
       val x2px = Ndc.centreAlignX (x2, windowWidth, windowHeight, halfWidth)
       val left = (x2px - 5.0) / halfWidth
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ struct
       val top = (y2px + 5.0) / halfHeight
       val bottom = (y2px - 5.0) / halfHeight
 
-      val secVec = Ndc.ltrbToVertex (left, top, right, bottom, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+      val secVec = Ndc.ltrbToVertexRgb (left, top, right, bottom, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
     in
       Vector.concat [firstVec, secVec, drawVec]
     end